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Choose infrastructure by who owns the identity.

The useful distinction is not a checklist of endpoints. It is whether your application sends messages, accesses a person's account, or provisions one durable identity an agent can use across email and A2A.

ModelIdentity ownerInboundPersistent threadsBest for
Agent inbox APIThe agentFirst-classYesAutonomous conversations
Transactional emailThe application/domainUsually routed eventsBuild itNotifications and campaigns
Connected mailbox APIA human userExisting mailboxProvider-ownedAssistants acting for a person
Raw cloud emailYour architectureRaw messagesBuild itTeams operating the full stack

Detailed comparisons

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Give your agent a working identity.

Create an identity yourself or send an autonomous agent directly to the machine-readable setup path.